What was Zaire called before 1971? - TimesMojo 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Belgium created two colonies in Africa: the entities now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly the Republic of Zaire) and the Republic of Rwanda, previously Ruanda-Urundi, a former German African colony that was given to Belgium to administer after the defeat of Germany in World War I. Belgian Congo, French Congo Belge, former colony (coextensive with the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) in Africa, ruled by Belgium from 1908 until 1960. "Archives Africaines" of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brussels (Archives of the former Belgian Ministry of Colonies). Germany had only been unified in 1871 and . Maurel, Auguste. [14], Congolese troops participated in World War II and were instrumental in forcing the Italians out of their East African colonies during the East African Campaign. However, when independence came, the territories were ill-prepared for self-governance since little effort had been made to train and equip an African leadership. It became a League of Nations Class B mandate allotted to Belgium, from 1924 to 1945. King Leopold's Legacy. The most notable of these empires was the Kingdom of Kongo, which was founded in the fourteenth century and centered around present-day western Congo and northern Angola. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/africa-belgian-colonies, "Africa: Belgian Colonies Encyclopedia.com. This was essentially a trading post rather than a colony, and reverted to China in 1930. GENEALOGY OF THE TERM DECOLONIZATION Even in the first decades of its existence, it showed little inclination toward overseas expansion. POST-1945 HISTORICAL CONTEXTS In 1897 a Swedish missionary told a London meeting how Leopolds soldiers were rewarded by the number of Congolese hands they amputated as punishment to native workers for failure to work hard enough. How can a teen start a clothing business? In 1955 some of the few Congolese educated-elites organized a resistance to the lack of democracy and the apartheid policies of the Belgian colonial masters. Germany's African Colonies | Encyclopedia.com Colonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century. Until almost the end of the mandate period, the Belgian administrators, with the help of the Catholic Church and its schools, did their best to turn the Tutsi elite into docile auxiliaries of their own rule. The Belgian Congo (French: Congo belge, pronounced [ko bl]; Dutch: Belgisch-Congo) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa between 1908 and 1960 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). If this small European country nevertheless succeeded in ruling a vast colony in Central Africa, this was due only to the tenacity of its second king, Leopold II (18351909). Africans and Their History, 2nd ed. Leopold II became known as the "Butcher of the Congo," where millions of Africans died as a result of the brutality of his rule. In April of 1885 Belgium's parliament made Leopold the sovereign ruler of this new "state," called the Congo Free State, incorporating all lands not directly occupied by Africans. France began to rule a large territory in the west and north. Belgian rule in the Congo was based on the "colonial trinity" (trinit coloniale) of state, missionary and private company interests. 40). However, the date of retrieval is often important. It also had a small concession in China and was a co-administrator of the Tangier International Zone in Morocco. During its colonisation era, Belgium controlled several colonies/concessions during its history, the Belgian Congo (modern DRC) from 1908 to 1960, and Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda and Burundi) from 1922 to 1962. Belgium itself could not stay aloof, because of its growing involvement in the Congo Free State. The Former French Colonies - WorldAtlas Factbox: Belgium's colonial rule in Congo and what happened next //]]>. 2006. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. . Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. In 1885 Leopold II secured U.S. recognition of his personal sovereignty over the Congo Free State. The colonial authorities also obliged these agriculturalists to produce export crops (e.g., cotton), which made them vulnerable to the ups and downs of world markets. In French. [2] Belgian traders also extended their influence in West Africa but this too fell apart following the Rio Nuez Incident of 1849 and growing Anglo-French rivalry in the region. Mobutu ruled for thirty-one years and pauperized the Congo. Encyclopedia.com. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which seven European countries placed virtually all of Africa under European control between 1880 and 1900?, What reforms did Muhammad Ali introduce during a 30-year reign in Egypt, What did Boers believe was ordained by God in relation to racial differences and more. Precolonial Rwanda under the monarchy was highly stratified. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Leopold II exploited the Congo for its natural rubber, which was starting to become a valuable commodity. Ethnic Conflict. Foreign Policy No. Justice was to be administered by judges named by the government (art. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Others cited Belgian's ratification of Article 73 of the United Nations Charter (on self-determination) and argued for a swifter hand-over of power than the 30 years favored by some. The other chief colonisers were France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal and Spain. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. EUROPEAN EFFORTS TO REINVENT OVERSEA, colony, any nonself-governing territory subject to the jurisdiction of a usually distant country. On many occasions, the interests of the government and private enterprise became closely tied, and the state helped companies break strikes and remove other barriers raised by the indigenous population. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"n0hifXIP06k4AZAYPfhaWe9Vz2rtENJE3ukkjTyT.f4-86400-0"}; //Belgium's African Colonies | Encyclopedia.com They occupied a large part of this German colony. When both countries became independent on July 1, 1962, Rwanda was governed by a Hutu president, Burundi by a Tutsi king. From the 1920s on, heavy investments in the exploitation of the colony's rich mineral resources transformed the Congo into a major actor in the world economy. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. While some Africans initially welcomed European rule, others opposed it from the start. Leopold II, King of the Belgiansas his coun, The Thirteen Colonies were British colonies in North America founded between 1607 (Virginia) and 1732 (Georgia). Which African countries did Belgium colonize? - Answers
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