Alaska is an example of an exclave because it is a region of the United States that is completely separate from the main body of the United States. Do colleges care about AP Human Geography? . Many wars have been started by landlocked countries seeking to carve a path to the ocean through another country's territory. These elevations do not create any zones of maritime control on their own.21 If a low-tide elevation falls within the boundary of a States territorial sea as measured from the mainland or an island, that State may draw a baseline from the low-water line of the low-tide elevation rather than from the shore. Despite its criticisms, Mackinder's work remains an important part of the study of geopolitics and has had a lasting impact on the field of geography. Territorial sea is defined under the UNCLOS as the 12-nautical mile zone from the baseline or low-water line along the coast. Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904) was a German geographer and ethnographer who is best known for his contributions to the development of the discipline of geography and for his theory of Lebensraum, also known as the Organic Theory. The Law of the Sea sets regulations for countries to follow concerning use of the ocean. Source: Transport Geography AP Human Geography: Practice Tests and Flashcards, A boundary between two states that is created in an area that is currently not populated is called a(n), If the political barrier between two states is the 50th parallel on the lines of latitude, then the boundary between those two states is known as a(n), A country that is completely surrounded by the territory of other countries and has no access to the sea is said to be, Alaska is an example of an exclave because it is a region of the United States that is completely separate from the main body of the United States. 0 plays. The. The Philippines and Malaysia both claim the islands lie within their territorial seas up to 12 nautical miles from their coasts. The UNCLOS establishes the rights and responsibilities of states in relation to the use of the high seas, and provides a framework for the management of marine resources and the protection of the marine environment. Boundary disputes can be difficult to resolve, as they often involve complex legal, historical, and cultural issues. Ratzel was born in Karlsruhe, Germany, and studied natural sciences, history, and philosophy at the University of Munich. jusinskij_54591. All right, let's take a moment or two to review what we've learned. Islands do not need to be inhabited to create those maritime zones; they only need to be capable of sustaining human habitation or economic life. It was an influential theory that sought to explain the relationship between a nation's population, territory, and power. U.S. Department of Commerce, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility, Presidential Proclamation No. The low-water line is derived from the coastal States own charts.1. Civil Suit Overview & Types | What is a Civil Suit? Study free AP Human Geography flashcards about PHHS - APHUG Unit 4 created by pdeanna to improve your grades. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Territorial sea. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/territorial%20sea. Mackinder's theory has been influential in shaping the foreign policies of various countries and has been used to justify territorial expansion and military intervention in the heartland region. The economic rights within the continental shelf extend only to non-living resources and sedentary living resources, such as shellfish. Most importantly under the new laws, states with coastlines now have territorial sovereignty over a breadth of sea up to 12 nautical miles away from their coast. There are two methods to determine the extent of a continental margin under the LOSC. The main challenges associated with these zones are how variations in geography affect where zones end and where new zones begin. Boundary disputes have been a source of conflict and tension in many parts of the world and have contributed to the outbreak of wars and other violent conflicts. Learn a new word every day. The EEZ is an important concept in international law, as it establishes the rights and responsibilities of states in relation to the use of the oceans and the exploitation of marine resources. Ratzel's theory was influential in shaping the foreign policies of various countries and was used to justify imperialism and territorial expansion by European powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In human societies, territoriality is often tied to ideas of ownership, sovereignty, and jurisdiction, and it is often used as a means of establishing and maintaining power and control. A boundary between two states that is created in an area that is currently not populated is called a(n) ___________. | Contempt of Court Punishment & Examples. Chile is the classic example of an elongated state because it spans thousands of miles top to bottom, but only a few hundred from side-to-side. A region of a country that is completely separated from the main body of that country. In this zone, a coastal State has the exclusive right to exploit or conserve any resources found within the water, on the sea floor, or under the sea floors subsoil. Most African & Asian colonies became independent after WWII. It proposes that the "heartland," a region located in the interior of the Eurasian landmass, is the most important area in the world because it is the center of the world's land power. 13 LOSC, Article 151(b). The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration In order to expand, China seized one of the island chains called the Paracels from Vietnam in 1974. It has also been criticized for its deterministic and Eurocentric approach, which fails to account for the complexity and diversity of world politics. A perforated state is a state that completely surrounds another state. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Irredentist movements have been a source of conflict and tension in many parts of the world, as they often involve claims to territory that is already inhabited by other people. The United States government occupies the South Pacific island. This caused nations like the U.S., Argentina, and others to lay claim to far greater territories of water off of their coastline and challenge the Freedom of the Seas doctrine by doing so. The LOSC states that the Area is considered the common heritage of all mankind12 and is beyond any national jurisdiction. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing natural resources of the seabed, subsoil, and waters above it. According to international law, these have included occupation, prescription, accretion, cession, and, possibly, annexation.Occupation occurs when control is acquired over an otherwise uncontrolled territory by a foreign state. The Contiguous Zone has limited sovereignty up to 24 nautical miles from the coast. Ap Human Geography: Political Geography Vocabulary Answers - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! Guam is an example of an occupied territory. Freedom of the seas is the doctrine in which coastal countries handle the topic of international waters; each of these countries has complete dominion of the waters up to 3 miles off their coast. What is the "EEZ"? - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Spykman argued that the rimland, which includes the coastal regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa, is the key to global dominance because it is the most economically and politically advanced region in the world. Political Entity Types & Examples | What is a Political Entity? 8 AP Human Notes Political geography - the study of power Cooperation & conflict are the jet fuel of power Political space - a balance of cooperation (holding a state together) & conflict (internal diversity like independence movements may place strains on the state) States have REGIONS (administrative regions), sub-state regions (provinces, etc.) states' territory extending 12 nautical miles (1 nautical mile = 1.15 statute miles) from the coast . They are also an important source of food, minerals, and other resources, and are home to a diverse array of marine life. A state's territorial sea, where it is sovereign, extends 19 kilometers (12 miles) into the sea. It consists of the Jutland Peninsula and several islands in the Baltic Sea, referred to as the Danish Archipelago. The convention produced a set of international laws that seeks to maintain international order and the enforcement of rules at sea. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. It resulted in the "Scramble for Africa," and the subjugation of African nations. area of sea outside of all territorial seas. An "exclusive economic zone," or "EEZ" is an area of the ocean, generally extending 200 nautical miles (230 miles) beyond a nation's territorial sea, within which a coastal nation has jurisdiction over both living and nonliving resources. The rights of coastal States to regulate and exploit areas of the ocean under their jurisdiction are one the foundations of the LOSC. Boundaries can be established for a variety of reasons, such as to protect property or resources, to mark the limits of a political entity, or to distinguish one area from another. States with river mouths are permitted to draw a straight baseline between the low-water lines on each bank.17. While territorial seas are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the coastal States, the coastal States rights are limited by the passage rights of other States, including innocent passage through the territorial sea and transit passage through international straits. States have the right to construct artificial islands, installations and structures within their EEZ.22 Owners of such artificial features are permitted to establish reasonable safety zones, usually not to exceed 500 meters (1649 feet) or acceptable standards from international safety organizations such as the International Maritime Organization. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE 23 SECTION 1. The Heartland Theory is a geopolitical theory developed by British geographer Halford Mackinder in the early 20th century. One classic example of an exclave is Alaska because it is not part of the contiguous continental United States. Extradition Overview, Laws & Examples | What is Extradition? States may claim an EEZ that extends 200 nautical miles from the baseline. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a . These rights are described in detail in Chapter Three: Freedom of Navigation. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 5, Dec. 10, 1982, 1833 U.N.T.S. What Is An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)? - WorldAtlas The current version of UNCLOS was completed in 1982 and went into effect in 1994. These zones give coastal States different jurisdictional rights. AP Human Geography Course - AP Central | College Board answer. Territory - National Geographic Society 7 The second method is to use fixed distances in what is called the Hedberg formula. If the entrance is more than 24 miles wide, a State can only draw a straight baseline 24 miles across the bay in a way that maximizes the area of internal waters. Gerrymandering History, Types & Examples | What is Gerrymandering? The Law of the Sea means each coastal nation has territorial sovereignty over 12 miles of water off their coast and maintains exclusive economic rights over 200 miles of water off their coast. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. 0. These disputes can arise over islands, border regions, or other areas that are perceived to have strategic or economic value. There are some theories that aim to explain this. If the political barrier between two states is the 50th parallel on the lines of latitude, then the boundary between those two states is known as a(n) __________. The geographic term for a country that is completely surrounded by the territory of more than one other country and has no direct access to the sea is landlocked. Being landlocked is generally considered to be a major disadvantage for a country because that countrymust rely on another country for any goods that are transported by sea. AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. It does not give a coastal State the right to prohibit or limit freedom of navigation or overflight, subject to very limited exceptions. UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Summary | StudySmarter
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